Ethical considerations regarding animal experimentation
Aysha Kiani
(1)
,
Derek Pheby
(2)
,
Gary Henehan
(3)
,
Richard Brown
(4)
,
Paul Sieving
(5)
,
Peter Sykora
(6)
,
Robert Marks
(7)
,
Benedetto Falsini
(8)
,
Natale Capodicasa
(9)
,
Stanislav Miertus
(6)
,
Lorenzo Lorusso
,
Daniele Dondossola
(10)
,
Gianluca Tartaglia
(10)
,
Mahmut Ergoren
(11)
,
Munis Dundar
(12)
,
Sandro Michelini
(13)
,
Daniele Malacarne
(14)
,
Gabriele Bonetti
(14)
,
Astrit Dautaj
(14)
,
Kevin Donato
,
Maria Medori
(14)
,
Tommaso Beccari
(15)
,
Michele Samaja
(14)
,
Stephen Connelly
(16)
,
Donald Martin
(17)
,
Assunta Morresi
(15)
,
Ariola Bacu
(18)
,
Karen Herbst
(19)
,
Mykhaylo Kapustin
,
Liborio Stuppia
(20)
,
Ludovica Lumer
(21)
,
Giampietro Farronato
(10, 22)
,
Matteo Bertell
(13)
1
Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
2 Buckinghamshire New University
3 School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin
4 Dalhousie University [Halifax]
5 UC Davis - University of California [Davis]
6 Trnava University
7 BGU - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
8 Unicatt - Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma]
9 MAGI BALKANS - MAGI BALKANS Rare Genetic Diseases [Tirana]
10 UNIMI - Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan
11 Near East University
12 Erciyes University
13 Marino General Hospital
14 Magi's Lab
15 UNIPG - Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia
16 UC San Francisco - University of California [San Francisco]
17 TIMC-SyNaBi - Systèmes Nanobiotechnologiques et Biomimétiques
18 University of Tirana
19 TLC - Total Lipedema Care
20 University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara [Chieti and Pescara, Italy]
21 UCL - University College of London [London]
22 Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
2 Buckinghamshire New University
3 School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin
4 Dalhousie University [Halifax]
5 UC Davis - University of California [Davis]
6 Trnava University
7 BGU - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
8 Unicatt - Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma]
9 MAGI BALKANS - MAGI BALKANS Rare Genetic Diseases [Tirana]
10 UNIMI - Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan
11 Near East University
12 Erciyes University
13 Marino General Hospital
14 Magi's Lab
15 UNIPG - Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia
16 UC San Francisco - University of California [San Francisco]
17 TIMC-SyNaBi - Systèmes Nanobiotechnologiques et Biomimétiques
18 University of Tirana
19 TLC - Total Lipedema Care
20 University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara [Chieti and Pescara, Italy]
21 UCL - University College of London [London]
22 Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
Lorenzo Lorusso
- Fonction : Auteur
Kevin Donato
- Fonction : Auteur
Donald Martin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1041503
- IdHAL : donald-k-martin
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5913-2372
- IdRef : 160585279
Mykhaylo Kapustin
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
Animal experimentation is widely used around the world for the identification of the root causes of various diseases in humans and animals and for exploring treatment options. Among the several animal species, rats, mice and purpose-bred birds com-prise almost 90% of the animals that are used for research pur-pose. However, growing awareness of the sentience of animals and their experience of pain and suffering has led to strong opposition to animal research among many scientists and the general public. In addition, the usefulness of extrapolating ani-mal data to humans has been questioned. This has led to Ethi-cal Committees’ adoption of the ‘four Rs’ principles (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement and Responsibility) as a guide when making decisions regarding animal experimentation. Some of the essential considerations for humane animal experimenta-tion are presented in this review along with the requirement for investigator training. Due to the ethical issues surrounding the use of animals in experimentation, their use is declining in those research areas where alternative in vitro or in silico methods are available. However, so far it has not been possible to dispense with experimental animals completely and further research is needed to provide a road map to robust alternatives before their use can be fully discontinued.